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Objective To explore the epidemic factors of varicella transmission under high varicella vacince coverage, assess the vaccine effectineness of one dose of varicella vaccine, so as to provide scientific basis for controlling the varicella outbreak and optimizing the varicella immunization strategy. Methods A 1 ∶〗2 paired case-control study of a varicella outbreak was conducted in a primary school in central region of Jiangsu Province in 2018. Analysis of varicella epidemic factors was performed using conditional logistic stepwise regression. Results This outbreak lasted for 14 days. A total of 45 students were infected with varicella, of which 71.1% were breakthrough cases. The fever, rash degree and disease course of breakthrough cases were all relatively mild compared with those without immune history (all P5 years and the initial immunization age <15 months were potential risk factors for breakthrough cases. The overall vaccine effectiveness of one dose of varicella vaccine was 77.9%(95% CI: 53.3%-92.1%). The fever, severity of the rash and the course of the disease were all milder than those without the history of immunization (all P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical symptoms of the breakthrough cases are relatively mild, and one dose of varicella vaccine is insufficient to control the outbreak of varicella with limited vaccine effectiveness. Two doses of varicella immunization strategy is recommended.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study both the epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of outbreaks caused by norovirus (NoV) with its variants, in Jiangsu.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>67 specimens from seven gastroenteritis outbreaks were collected from October 2012 to March 2013 in Jiangsu. NoV gene group was detected by Real-Time RT-PCR. NoV portions of RdRp gene and VP1 gene were amplified under RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven gastroenteritis outbreaks were caused by NoV. Among all the fecal specimens,45 (67.2%) showed positive to NoV G II. Study on the genotype was conducted through analyzing the nucleotide sequence of RdRp gene. Based on the RdRp region, 7 strains appeared to be G II, with 3 and 38 strains belonged to G II.4--Sydney variants. Results from phylogenetic analysis confirmed that 38 variants shared 99% identity with G II.4--Sydney. We also amplified the VP1 genes from 6 variants and comparing with 9 epidemic strains on the sequence amino acid sequence. All the strains showed mutation in amino acid sequence at some key sites which were closely related to the forming of neutralizing epitopes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The short interval periods between all 7 NoV outbreaks with identical viral strain indicated the emergence of a new NoV variant in Jiangsu province,that had caused a number of epidemics abroad. Results from our study suggested that the development of monitoring programs on this novel G II.4--Sydney variant should be a part of the NoV surveillance in Jiangsu province or even in the country.</p>
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Humans , Amino Acid Sequence , Caliciviridae Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , China , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Gastroenteritis , Epidemiology , Virology , Genotype , Norovirus , Genetics , Phylogeny , RNA, ViralABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the status of human bocavirus and to identify its epidemiological characteristics as well as genotype distribution in patients with infantile viral diarrhea in Suzhou, Jiangsu province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>832 fecal specimens from patients with infantile virus diarrhea cases were collected from Suzhou Children's Hospital in 2010-2011. Human bocavirus were detected by Real-Time RT-PCR, and genotype were determined by sequence analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among all the fecal specimens, 51 (6.1%) cases were positive for human bocavirus. The peak season of rotavirus infection was between July and September. Of all the episodes on rotavirus diarrhea, 96% occurred before 2 years of age, with peaks in children with 7-12 months of age. Data from Nucleotide Sequence analysis showed that among 28 samples that carrying HBoV-1, 5 strains belonged to HBoV-2, HBoV type 3 but type 4 were absent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human bocavirus were detected from fecal specimens of infantile virus diarrhea in Suzhou, with genotype HBoV-1 as the major strain. HBoV-2 genotype was also found.</p>
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Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Epidemiology , Diarrhea, Infantile , Epidemiology , Virology , Genotype , Human bocavirus , Genetics , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiangsu province.Methods We downloaded the case-data of HFMD in Jiangsu province during 2009-2011 from the Chinese National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System,and made a comprehensive analysis on the epidemiological features of it with descriptive epidemiological methods and retrospective space-time permutation scan statistics.Results A total of 285 414 cases were reported in Jiangsu,from 2009 to 2011,with an annual incidence of 122.66 per 100 000.There were 3686 severe cases in the 3 years accumulatively,accounting for 1.29％ of the total.Proportion of the cases being 5 years old or even younger was 93.64％.Scatteredly living children accounted for 64.08％ of the total cases and 78.65％ of the severe cases,respectively.The epidemics of HFMD were visible in each city of Jiangsu province,with a lowest annual incidence rate of 44.02 per 100 000 and a highest one up to 202.90 per 100 000.Regions as Suzhou,Nanjing,Wuxi had the highest incidence in the province,with cases in these three areas occupying almost 40％ of all.The numbers of severe cases in Suqian and in Yancheng cities increased by 339.22％ and 328.33％ in 2011 compared to in 2010,respectively,and the rates of increase in these two cities were much higher than those in the other regions.Two peaks of incidence were observed every year,with the highest occurring between April and June and the second occurring in November.The spatial-temporal distribution of HFMD was not random in Jiangsu province,from 2009 to 2011.Clusters for general cases in August and 7 clusters for severe cases were detected,respectively.12 359 cases of HFMD were laboratory confirmed in the said 3 years,including 10 414 common cases and 1945 severe cases.EV71 and CoxA16 accounted for 43.49％ and 37.07％ of common cases,respectively.In terms of the severe cases,the ratios were 80.82％ and 5.96％,respectively.Conclusion HFMD was highly endemic in Jiangsu province,and the situation of prevention and control for it is still grim.Scatteredly living children of 5 years old or younger were the major population at risk,and the epidemic in different regions and seasons was different.EV71 and CoxA16 were the major etiologic agents,but the etiologic constitute showed seasonal changes.
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Objective To explore the distribution of prevalence rates of typhoid and paratyphoid,with drug resistance and molecular types ofSalmonella(S.) typhi and S.paratyphi in Jiangsu province.Methods Data,collected by the national infectious disease reporting system in Jiangsu province from 2007 to 2011,was analyzed.K-B method was used to test the sensibility to 9 kinds of antibiotics among 210 stains of S.typhi and S.paratyphi.81 strains of S.typhi were classified by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results The annual average incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid was 0.47 per 100 000 in the last five years,showing a decreasing trend.Highest incidence (1.70 per 100 000)was seen in the ＜ 1 year age group,with S.typhi and S.paratyphi A accounted for 66.19％ and 23.81％ among the 210 stains.The rate of drug resistance to nalidixic acid appeared to be the highest as 66.19％.The drug resistant rates to 6 kinds of antibiotics were on average,lower than 10.00％.The multi-drug resistant rate of S.typhi and S.paratyphi was 30.00％.In the last 3 years,37 types from 81 S.typhi strains had been classified into 4 clusters by PFGE.The predominant type was JPPX01.JS0027,accounted for 11.11％.JPPX01.JS0001 type had a specific regional distribution,but JPPX01.JS0014,JPPX01.JS0018 and JPPX01.JS0024 strains were widely spread.Results from the clustering analysis showed that cases in the 3 events tended to have a clustering nature.Conclusion The morbidity of typhoid and paratyphoid was in a relatively low level in Jiangsu province.Although S.typhi and S.paratyphi were sensitive to most of the commonly used antibiotics,the resistance rates to some kinds of antibiotics were increasing.The distribution of typhoid was sporadic in Jiangsu and without the dominant strain,it was unlikely that typhoid could become epidemic in the future,in Jiangsu.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) seen in Jiangsu province from 2008 to 2010, and provide evidence for its prevention and control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the requirement of supervision program of HFMD, surveillance and report were done according to National Disease Supervision Information Management System. Descriptive epidemiological method, performed between 2008 and 2010, was used to analyze the time, region and population distribution and results of etiologic analysis of HFMD. Nucleic acid of enterovirus (EV) genome was detected by real-time RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average incidence rate of HFMD was 86.70 per million between 2008 and 2010, the peak incidence occurred in April to July. There were significant differences among the incidence in different districts (P<0.05), and the highest incidence was seen in the densely inhabited southern areas of Jiangsu province. Most of the cases were infants and children aged less than 5 years. The number of male cases (2008: 17,008, 2009: 48 768, 2010: 50,231) was much larger than that of the female cases 2008: 9662, 2009: 29 151, 2010: 30,655. The HFMD cases with mild symptoms were caused mainly by enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) and there was difference among different years. The severe HFMD cases and deaths were mainly caused by EV71 infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The epidemiologic characteristics of HFMD in Jiangsu province from 2008 to 2010 had close relationship with season, population and region. The mild cases of HFMD were mainly infected with EV71 and Cox A16. However, EV71 illness seemed to be more severe and had significantly greater frequency of serious complications and fatality than the illness caused by Cox A16.</p>
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Enterovirus A, Human , Virulence , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Epidemiology , VirologyABSTRACT
Objective To understand the antibody levels against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (2009 H1N1 ) among aged ≥3 years population in 2009, from Jiangsu province, and to describe the distribution of 2009 H1N1. Methods Serum specimens were collected from natural populations at four different periods in Jiangsu, and tested with hernagglutination-inhibition (HI)assays. Rates of protective antibody against 2009 H1N1 and Geometric mean titers (GMTs)were estimated. Results The rates of protective antibody against 2009 H1N1 rose with the and November, 2009. There were no significant differences on the rates of protective antibody between males and females at four different cross-sectional periods (P＞0.05), and no significant differences on GMTs were observed at different periods except for November 2009. Significant differences on rates of protective antibody and GMTs among various age groups were observed at four different periods (P＜0.05), and similar results were observed among different periods in various age groups (P＜0.05). There were significant differences on rates of protective antibody and GMTs among different areas (P＜0.05). Conclusion The 2009 H1N1 strain had been widely spread out in Jiangsu province since July 2009. People aged 12-17 years became the major victims after August. As of November 2009, the rate of protective antibody against 2009 H1N1 was still low, predicting that the epidemic might continue to exist for a certain period of time.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Using the advantages of Japanese encephalitis live attenuated and inactivated vaccine, to reduce the rate of immunization reaction and to increase the effect, we conducted a study on the strategy of immunization in Japanese encephalitis using live attenuated vaccine combined with inactivated vaccine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Observing the safety and immune effects of different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data on side effect showed that the rate of moderate and severe systematic reactions of the group who were inoculated with combined vaccine was 0.73%, with local reaction 1.46% while the combined rate of moderate and severe systematic reaction of the group who were inoculated with inactivated vaccine was 2.8%. Under the detection of serum neutralizing antibody, the GMT rose from 1:1.05 - 1:3.35 before vaccination to 1:47.34 - 1:101.30 after vaccination in the different groups. Neutralizing antibody was detected in 97.67% of the combined group. There was a significant difference by comparing neutralizing antibody seroconversion rate of the combined group with the inactivated group (chi(2) = 3.89, P < 0.05), but no significant difference with attenuated group (chi(2) = 0.74, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results showed that in children who previously had been immunized with two doses of inactivated vaccine, the booster administration of live attenuated vaccine was both effective and safe.</p>